Lexicons for Biblical Languages

Good lexicons are now available on BibleWorks, Accordance, Logos and
other expensive software, but there are many available on the Web.

1) Hebrew & Aramaic
2) Greek
3) Latin
4) Egyptian & Coptic
5) Akkadian & other ANE languages
6) Syriac & Arabic
7) Update about fonts

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1) Hebrew & Aramaic
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Strong's dictionary for Gk & Heb -transliterated Gk & Heb only
http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/STRINDEX.htm
Linked to a nice interactive Bible (AV only) at
http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/index2.htm
Davar Hebrew Dictionary & OT study tools for PC only
http://www.faithofgod.net/davar/
- download and install. Includes fast OT Bible software.
Semantics of Ancient Hebrew Database (in development)
http://www.sahd.uklinux.net/
- articles on semantic domains with full bibliography
Jastrow's Rabbinic dictionary for
Biblical & Mishnaic Hebrew, Biblical & Talmudic Aramaic
http://www.cwru.edu/UL/preserve/Etana/JAST.DICv1/JAST.DICv1.html
http://www.cwru.edu/UL/preserve/Etana/JAST.DICv2/JAST.DICv2.html
This is a scan of the actual pages, so it isn't too easy to use.
Morfix. Modern Hebrew-English-Hebrew lexicon. Very fast
http://milon.morfix.co.il/ Type and press the blue button
WordPoint & some other helps for translating modern Hebrew
http://www.uniquesoftware.co.uk/dictionaries.htm
- not free but cheap. Works unobtrusively within Windows programs
Aramaic Outline search for Syrian & Palestinian Aramaic
http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/searching/outline_lexicon_search.html
Sokoloff's Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/searching/dictionary_search.html

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2) Greek
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There are many good Greek tools at Perseus.
If one site is down, try a mirror site:
USA - http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
Germany - http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/
Oxford - http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/
Perseus tools include:
Greek Lexicons - complete Liddell & Scott plus others
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform?lang=greek
- incl. synonyms and words often used nearby
Greek Morphological Analysis
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/morphindex?lang=greek
Greek Vocabulary Tool to generate word lists for specific works
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/vocab?lang=greek
Greek Words in Context to help find idioms
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/vor?lang=greek
Other sites:
Database of Septuagint Greek (in development)
http://www.extra.reading.ac.uk/lxx/
- articles on words with full bibliography
Wordlist of all words in published papyri not covered by Perseus
http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak8/papy/WL/WL.html
Quotation Finder - to use in conjunction with TLG, helps to
search for quotes and allusions which use similar vocabulary
but not in the same forms or order.
http://quotationfinder.uni-muenster.de/
At present it only works best with the TLG CD on a Mac
but it is an exciting project. Keep an eye on it.
Pharos - database of articles re Greek translation issues
www.pharosbiblia.net
- Romans covered well, but Klaus Haaker is seeking help
- welcomes scholars to contribute their own abstracts

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3) Latin
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Latin at Perseus:
Latin Lexicons - complete Lewis & Short plus others
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform?lang=latin
Latin Morphological Analysis
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/morphindex?lang=la
Latin Vocabulary Tool to generate word lists for specific works
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/vocab?lang=la
Latin Words in Context to help find idioms
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/vor?lang=la

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4) Egyptian & Coptic
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Chicago Demotic Dictionary (about half finished)
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/PUB/SRC/CDD/CDD.html
Hieroglyph Dictionary
http://hieroglyphs.net/000501/html/000-016.html
English to Coptic Dictionary
http://mycopticchurch.com/coptic/lexicon.asp
(see also the new Coptic text subscription site at
http://cmcl.let.uniroma1.it )
Middle Egyptian and Coptic lexicons (read in Excel)
http://members.uia.net/cjones3/files.htm

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5) Akkadian & other ANE languages
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Old Babylonian Akkadian dictionary
http://www.klinopis.cz/utf/utf/sj.php
Sumerian word list
http://www.ping.de/sites/systemcoder/necro/info/sumerian.htm
Cuneiform Dictionary program (not free)
http://www.sumerian.it/Prod_TCD.htm

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6) Syriac & Arabic
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Arabic:
Modern Arabic translation program
http://tarjim.ajeeb.com/ajeeb/default.asp?lang=1
Syriac - lots of plans, but nothing yet
http://syrcom.cua.edu/Projects/Ongoing.html
but a very good Teach-Yourself Syriac site:
http://members.aol.com/assyrianme/aramaic/aramaic.html

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7) Update about fonts
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Previous Tyndale Techs have dealt with fonts and with Unicode.
See previous emails listed at:
http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Tyndale/TTech.htm
The new development is Unicode, which is now reaching the Mac
and is almost universal on PCs.
A good free Unicode font (including Biblical Hebrew and Greek)
is available free from Cardo at:
http://scholarsfonts.net/cardofnt.html
- a complete font (for any computers capable of using Unicode)
and a keyboard (for Win.98/2000/XP) with full instructions at:
http://scholarsfonts.net/keybrds.html
If you are still using Win.98 and Word 97 (like me) you can use
the rather easier Tyndale Font Kit. The installation instructions
look formidable, but they give you pointed Hebrew and accented Greek
which you can touch-type. Details at:
http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Tyndale/Fonts.htm
But eventually we will have to upgrade and use Cardo.